成員簡介

賴義隆教授

賴義隆教授

  • 賴義隆

  • 職  稱：教授
  • 學  歷：美國堪薩斯大學 博士
  • 專  長：呼吸生理學
  • 聯絡電話：(02)23123456 ext 88232
  • E-mail：yllai@ntu.edu.tw

呼吸生理學

退休(92年8月)以前的研究方向：

（1）第三神經系統對肺之調控；呼吸道之過敏性反應

（2）肺高血壓之機制研探

本研究室實驗工作注重在肺臟生理。 主要研究包括下列兩項： (1) 肺功能及氣管道的生理。近幾年來，我們用生理與藥理的方法 來探測第三種神經系統在肺臟的功能。以前我們只知道肺臟的神 經支配有兩種：副交感及交感神經系統。近十至二十年來，研究 工作者發現第三種神經系統；它既不是副交感也不是交感神經系 統。這種新神經系統很容易被辣椒素 (capsaicin) 刺激，然後釋放 tachykinins 出來。在肺臟，tachykinins 引起分泌增加，水腫及氣 管道收縮，我們的工作主要偏重在氣管道收縮。這方面的研究與 氣喘可能有關連，因為氣管道的收縮會引起氣喘病。 我們曾經 用 antioxidants 及tetrodotoxin 減輕經由第三種神經系統興奮所 引起的氣管道收縮。

由此結果可知 oxygen radicals 及 axon reflex 在此種氣管道收 縮扮演重要的角色。 (2) 肺高血壓。我們用兩種方法引起動物產 生肺高血壓： monocrotaline 及低氧。 Monocrotaline 是一種植 物(Crotalaria spectabilis) 抽取的成份； 經由注射後，它會使動物 產生肺高血壓。 動物呼吸低氧的氣體後亦會引起肺高血壓。 經Monocrotaline 或低氧處理後，肺血管上的肌肉及結締組織會增 加，使血管壁增厚， 而引起肺高血壓。 如果事先把動物體 內的tachykinins 降低， 肺高血壓的產生就會緩慢下來。 由此我 們推測tachykinins 有促進肺血管增生的能力。由這些結果顯示， 肺高血壓的產生與第三種神經系統有密切的關係。

退休(92年8月)以前的實驗室成員

PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM RESEARCH:

  1. Garcia, A.C., Y.-L. Lai, B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. In vivo buffer curves of arterial and mixed venous blood. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 137:237-242, 1971.
  2. Garcia, A.C., Y.-L. Lai, B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Lactate and pyruvate accumulation during hypocapnia. Respir. Physiol. 12:371-380, 1971.
  3. Lai, Y.-L., E.D. Martin, B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Mechanisms of extracellular pH adjustments in hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 19:107-114, 1973.
  4. Lai, Y.-L., B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Intracellular adjustments of skeletal muscle, heart and brain to prolonged hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 19:115-122, 1973.
  5. Lai, Y.-L., B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Mechanisms of cardiac muscle adjustment to hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 19:123-129, 1973.
  6. Gillespie, D.J., Y.-L. Lai, and R.E. Hyatt. Comparison of esophageal and pleural pressures in the anesthetized dog. J. Appl. Physiol. 35:709-713, 1973.
  7. Lai, Y.-L., J.R. Rodarte, and R.E. Hyatt. Esophageal elastance in awake and anesthetized recumbent dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 41:272-275, 1976.
  8. Lai, Y.-L., J.R. Rodarte, and R.E. Hyatt. Effects of body position on lung emptying in recumbent anesthetized dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 43:983-987, 1977.
  9. Lai, Y.-L., and J. Hildebrandt. Respiratory mechanics in the anesthetized rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 43:983-987, 1977.
  10. Lai, Y.-L., Y. Tsuya, and J. Hildebrandt. Ventilatory responses to acute CO2 exposure in the rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 45:611-618, 1978.
  11. Lai, Y.-L., J.R. Rodarte, and R.E. Hyatt. Respiratory mechanics in recumbent dogs anesthetized with thiopental sodium. J. Appl. Physiol. 46:716-720, 1979.
  12. Lai, Y.-L. Lung volume and pleural pressure in the anesthetized hamster. J. Appl. Physiol. 46:927-931, 1979.
  13. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Ventilation during prolonged hypercapnia in the rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 51:78-83, 1981.
  14. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Mechanical properties of rat lung during prolonged hypercapnia. J. Appl. Physiol. 52:1156-1160, 1982.
  15. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Suppression of endogenous hormones alters fetal lung mechanics and gas trapping. Lung 160:315-324, 1982.
  16. Lamm, W.J.E., J.R. Hildebrandt, J. Hildebrandt, and Y.-L. Lai. End-expiratory volume in the rat: effects of consciousness and body position. J. Appl. Physiol. 53:1071-1079, 1982.
  17. Lamm, W.J.E., Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. In vitro buffer value of brain tissue during prolonged hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 50:165-175, 1982.
  18. Lai, Y.-L., P.M. Smith, W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Sampling and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for chronic studies in awake rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 54:1754-1757, 1983.
  19. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, D.L. Luchtel, and J. Hildebrandt. Massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 56:1032-1038, 1984.
  20. Lamm, W.J.E., Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. Histamine and leukotrienes mediate hypersensitivity to antigen in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 56:1032-1038, 1984.
  21. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Factors affecting massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 57:692-697, 1984.
  22. Hopping, F.G., Jr., J.C. Stothert, I.A. Greaves, Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. Lung recoil: elastic and rheological properties. In: Handbook of Physiology, Section 3. Respiratory System, vol. III. Mechanics of Breathing. Ed. P.T. Macklem and J. Mead. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological society, 1986. p. 659-692.
  23. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Comparison of five methods of analyzing respiratory pressure-volume curves. Respir. Physiol. 66:147-155, 1986.
  24. Diamond, L., and Y.-L. Lai. Augmentation of elastase-induced emphysema by cigarette smoke: effects of reducing tar and nicotine content. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 20:287-301, 1987.
  25. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Effects of high or low tar cigarette smoke exposure on elastase induced emphysema. In: Pulmonary Emphysema and Proteolysis. ed. J.C. Taylor and C. Mittmann. New York: Academic Press, 1987. P. 523-533.
  26. Lai, Y.-L., and A.F. Cornett. Substance P-inducing massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 62:746-751, 1987.
  27. Lai, Y.-L. Calcium dependency of massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. Respir. Physiol. 68:41-51, 1987.
  28. Lai, Y.-L. Fluid trapping in postmortem guinea pig lungs. Lung 165:213-223, 1987.
  29. Ko, W.C., and Y.-L. Lai. Cyclic GMP affecting the tracheal nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system. Respir. Physiol. 73:351-362, 1988.
  30. Ko, W.C., and Y.-L. Lai. The tracheal nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system during antigen challenge. Respir. Physiol. 74:129-138, 1988.
  31. Lai, Y.-L. Maximal expiratory flow in the guinea pig. Lung 166:303-313, 1988.
  32. Lai, Y.-L., S. Ganesan, and S.J. Lai-Fook. Airway resistance measured in liquid-trapped guinea pig lungs by micropuncture. J. Appl. Physiol. 65:2446-2452, 1988.
  33. Diamond, L., E.C. Kimmel, Y.-L. Lai, and D.W. Winsett. Augmentation of elastase-induced emphysema by cigarette smoke: effects of reduced nicotine content. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 138:1201-1206, 1988.
  34. Gairola, C.G., N.I. Galicki, C. Cardozo, Y.-L. Lai, and M. Lesser. Cigarette smoke stimulates cathepsin B activity. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 114:419-425, 1989.
  35. Lai, Y.-L. Oxygen radicals in capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. J. Appl. Physiol. 68:568-573, 1990.
  36. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema by eglin-c. Exp. Lung Res. 16:547-557, 1990.
  37. Shi, M.X.J., and Y.-L. Lai. The role of tachykinins in air ventilation-induced bronchoconstriction. Respir. Physiol. 81:75-86, 1990.
  38. Lai, Y.-L., J.W. Olson, and M.N. Gillespie. Ventilatory dysfunction precedes pulmonary hypertension in monocrotaline-treated rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:561-566, 1991.
  39. Lai, Y.-L. Role of the axon reflex in capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. Respir. Physiol. 83:35-46, 1991.
  40. Lai, Y.-L. Endogenous tachykinins in antigen-induced acute bronchial responses of guinea pigs. Exp. Lung Res. 17:1047-1060, 1991.
  41. Shih, W.-J., Y.-L. Lai, C. Coulston, F. Grunwald, J.J. Coupal, L.-Y. Lee, U.Y. Ryo, and H.J. Biersack. Diffuse pulmonary 99mTc HM-PAO uptake associated with cirarette smoke exposure: a rat study. NucCompact 22:99-100, 1991.
  42. Lai, Y.-L., P.G. Reiinhart, A.A. Thacker, and K.-R. Zhou. Role of leukocyte depletion in noncholinergic bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. Respir. Physiol. 86:139-146, 1991.
  43. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Nicardipine suppresses mediator-induced constriction of airway smooth muscle in guinea pigs. Lung 169:343-355, 1991.
  44. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Cigarette smoke exposure dose not prevent cadium-induced lung fibrosis in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 35:63-76, 1992.
  45. Zhou, K.-R., and Y.-L. Lai. α-Difluoromethylornithine attenuates monocrotaline-induced airway/lung dysfunction. J. Appl. Physiol. 72:1914-1921, 1992.
  46. Lai, Y.-L. Comparative ventilation of the normal lung. In: A Comprehensive Treatise On Pulmonary Toxicology, Vol. I, Sec. II. Comparative Respiratory Physiology of the Normal Lung. Ed. R.A. Parent. CRC Press, boca Raton, FL, Chapter 17, 1992. P. 217-239.
  47. Fang, Z.X., and Y.-L. Lai. Oxygen radicls in bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:627-633, 1993.
  48. Shih, W.-J., Y.-L. Lai, J.J. Coupal, and G. Simmons. I-123 HIPDM pulmonary imaging demonstrates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema. Lung 171:31-41, 1993.
  49. Shih, W.-J., S.R. Rehm, F. Grunwald, J.J. Coupal, H.J. Biersack, R. Berger, S. Bradenburg, Y.-L. Lai, U.Y. Ryo, and M.L. Dillon. Lung uptake of Tc-99m HM-PAO in cigarette smokers expressed by lung/liver activity ratio. Clin. Nucl. Med. 18:227-230, 1993.
  50. Lai, Y,-L., R.C. Mehta, A.A. Thacker, S.-D. Yoo, P.J. McNamara, and P.P. DeLuca. Saustained bronchodilation with isoproterenol poly(glycolide-co-lactide) microspheres. Pharmaceut. Res. 10:119-125, 1993.
  51. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Axon relflex in resiniferaroxin-induced bronchoconstriction of ginea pigs. Respir. Physiol. 92:13-25, 1993.
  52. Zhou, K.-R., and Y.-L. Lai. Capsaicin pretreatment attenuates monocrotaline-induced ventilatory dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. J. Appl. Physiol. 75:2781-2788, 1993.
  53. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Role of vagus nerves in noncholinergic airway constriction. Respir. Physiol. 94:285-295, 1993.
  54. Lai, Y.-L., Z.X. Fang, and H-Q. Zhang. Noncholinergic airway constriction. Role of axon reflex and oxygen radicals. Chinese J. Physiol. 36:133-140, 1993.
  55. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Intratracheal antioxidants attenuate exsanguinations-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:553-559, 1994.
  56. Zhou, K.-R., and Y.-L. Lai. Oxygen radicals in exsanguinations-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. Lung 172:281-291, 1994.
  57. Lai, Y.-L., A.A. Thacker, and C.G. Gairola. Sidestream cigarette smoke exposure and bronchial hyperreactivity during early life. J. Appl. Physiol. 77:1868-11874, 1994.
  58. Kang, B.C., T. Kambara, D.K. Yun, J. Hoppe, and Y.-L. Lai. Development of cockroach allergic guinea pig by simple room air contamination. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 107: 569-575, 1995.
  59. Shih, W.-J., J. Coupal, Y.-L. Lai, F. Grunwald, and H. Biersack. Diminished Tc-99m HMPAO uptake in exsmokers' lungs. Clin. Nuclear Med. 20:788-791, 1995.
  60. Zhang, H.-Q., H.-H. Tai, and Y.-L. Lai. Age-dependent mechanism in guinea pig bronchoconstriction induced by exsanguination. Respir.Physiol. 99: 361-369, 1995.
  61. Lai, Y.-L., C.-F. Chen, C.T. Chien, H.-L. Shiao, A.A. Thacker, and H.-Q. Zhang. Capsaicin pretreatment attenuates chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Respir.Physiol. 99: 283-289, 1995.
  62. Kang, B.C., K. Zhou, Y.-L. Lai, and C.B. Hong. Experimental asthma developed by room air contamination with cockroach allergen. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 111: 299-306, 1996.
  63. Kuo, P.-H., H.-D. Wu, C.-J. Yu, S.-C. Yang, Y.-L. Lai, and P.-C. Yang. Efficacy of tracheal gas insufflation in acute respiratory distress syndrome with permissive hypercapnia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154: 612-616, 1996.
  64. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Oxygen radicals in nonvagal component of noncholinergic airway constriction. Respir. Physiol. 104: 213-220, 1996.
  65. Reinhart, P.G., Y.-L. Lai, and C.G. Gairola. Amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Fisher 344 rats. Toxicology 110: 95-101, 1996.
  66. Hsu C.-H., K.-Y. Chua, M.-H. Tao, Y.-L. Lai, H.-D. Wu, S.-K. Huang, and K.-H. Hsieh. Immunoprophylaxis of allergen-induced immunoglobulin E synthesis and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo by genetic immunization. Nature Med. 2: 540-544, 1996.
  67. Chien, C.T., T.C. Fu, Y.-L. Lai, Y.C. Chang, and C.F. Chen. Renal neural response to ischemic renal failure in chronic hypoxic rats. J. Autonom. Nerv. Syst. 58: 11- 17, 1996.
  68. Lai, Y.-L., A.A. Thacker, and J.N. Diana. Hypoxemia and elevated tachykinins in rat monocrotaline pneumotoxicity. Lung 174: 195-203, 1996.
  69. Lai, Y.-L., and L.Y. Chiang. Water-soluble fullerene derivatives attenuate exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. J. Autonom. Pharmacol. 17: 229-235, 1997.
  70. Lai, Y.-L., J. Wang, and S.J. Lai-Fook. Lung tissue resistance measured by saline-filled guinea pig lungs by micropuncture. Lung 175: 395-403, 1997.
  71. Lai, Y.-L., W.-Y. Chiou, and L.Y. Chiang. Fullerene derivatives attenuate  bronchoconstriction induced by xanthine-xanthine oxidase. Fullerene Sci. Technol. 5: 1057-1065, 1997.
  72. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Comparison of five measures derived from in vivo pulmonary vascular pressure-flow curves. Chinese J. Physiol. 40: 45-49, 1997.
  73. Hartsfield, C.L., D. Lipke, Y.-L. Lai, D.A. Cohen, and M.N. Gillespie. Pulmonary mechanical and immunologic dysfunction in a murine model of AIDS. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 16): L699-L706, 1997.
  74. Lai, Y.-L., and K.-R. Zhou. Eglin-c prevents monocrotaline-induced ventilatory dysfunction. J. Appl. Physiol. 82: 324-328, 1997.
  75. Hsu, T.H., Y.-L. Lai, and Y.R. Kou. Acetylcholine and tachyknin receptor antagonists attenuate wood smoke-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 360: 175-183,1998.
  76. Hsu, T.H., Y.-L. Lai, and Y.R. Kou. Smoke-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled wood smoke in guinea pigs:tachykininergic and cholinergic mechanisms. Life Sci. 63: 1513-124,1998.
  77. Lamm, W.I.E., Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. The role of the inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic system in antigen-induced pulmonary hypersensitivity. Chinese J. Physiol. 41: 139-144, 1998.
  78. Lai, Y.-L., and Y.-J. Lin. Elastase in hyperpnea-induced guinea pig airway constriction. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 359: 171-176, 1998.
  79. Lai, Y.-L.. H.-D. Wu, and C.-F. Chen. Atioxidants attenuate chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 32: 714-720,1998.
  80. Lin. C.W., and Y.-L. Lai. Tachykinins in propranolol-augmented, hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in Taida guinea pigs: effects of dimethylthiourea. J. Autonom. Pharmacol. 18: 139-147, 1998.
  81. Lai, Y.-L., C.W. Lin, and L.-C. Lai. Attenuation of isocapnic hyperpnea-elicited guinea pig bronchoconstriction by chronic hypoxia. Eur. Respir. J. 11: 1075-1080, 1998.
  82. Lin, K.-H., Y.-L. Lai, H.-D. Wu, T.-Q. Wang, and Y.-H. Wang. Effects of abdominal binder and electrical stimulation on cough in spinal cord injured patients. J. Formosan Med. Assoc. 97: 292-295, 1998.
  83. Chen, L.-W., C.-F. Chen. and Y.-L. Lai. Chronic activation of neurokinin-1 receptor induces pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276:H1543-H1551, 1999.
  84. Lai, Y.-L., W.-Y. Chiou, F.J. Lu, and L.Y. Chiang. Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Br. J. Pharmacol. 126: 778-784, 1999.
  85. Lai, Y.-L., and S.-P. Lee. Mediators in hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 360:597-602, 1999.
  86. Lin, K.-H., Y.-L. Lai, H.-D. Wu, T.-Q. Wang, and Y.-H. Wang. Cough threshold in people with spinal cord injuries. Physical Therapy 79:1026-1031, 1999.
  87. Lai, Y.-L., and H.-C. Chou. Respiratory mechanics and maximal expiratory flow in the anesthetized mouse. J. Appl. Physiol. 88:939-943, 2000.
  88. Hsu, T.H., Y.-L. Lai, and Y.R. Kou. Wood smoke-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs: time course, and role of leukotrienes and hydroxyl radical. Life Sci. 66:971-980, 2000.
  89. Lai, Y.-L., and C.F. Lee. Mediators and oxygen radicals in hyperpnea-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Lung 178: 213-223, 2000.
  90. Katzman, N.J., and Y.-L. Lai. Capsaicin pre- and post-treatment on rat monocrotaline pneumotoxicity. Chinese J. Physiol. 43: 171-178, 2000.
  91. Chen, M.-J., L.Y. Chiang, and Y.-L. Lai. Reactive oxygen species and substance P in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 171: 165-173, 2001.
  92. Yu, C.-C., and Y.-L. Lai. The in vivo pressure-flow curve in unilateral rat lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Appl. Physiol. 90: 1865-1870, 2001.
  93. Lai, Y.L. Tachykinins in airway constriction. Thorac. Med. 16: 148-155, 2001.
  94. Lai, Y.-L., S.-C. Lee, L.-C. Lai, F.-C. Hu, T.-L. Tsai, and Y.-F. Tsai. Catecholamines in hyperpnoea-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. J. Auton. Pharmacol. 21: 151-157, 2001.
  95. Lee, Y.-L., Y.-L. Ye, C.-I. Yu, Y.-L. Wu, Y.-L. Lai, P.-H. Ku, R.-L. Hong, and B.-L. Chiang. Construction of single-chain interleukin-12 DNA plasmid to treat airway hyperresponsiveness in an animal model of asthma. Hum. Gene Ther. 12: 2065-2079, 2001.
  96. Lai, Y.-L., W.-Y. Chiou, and F.-J. Lu. Hyperpnea-induced production of TBHP-initiated chemiluminescence in guinea pigs. Life Sci. 70: 1271-1277, 2002.
  97. Lee, S.-C., and Y.-L. Lai. Endothelin-1 in citric acid aerosol inhalation-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Chinese J. Physiol. 45: 25-31, 2002.
  98. Lai, Y.-L., S.J. Chu, M.-C. Ma, and C.-F. Chen. Temporal increase in the reactivity of pulmonary vasculature to substance P in chronically hypoxic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 282: R858-R864, 2002.
  99. Lai, Y.-L., and P.-c. Huang. Reactive oxygen species in sustained airway constriction induced by citric acid aerosol inhalation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 452: 229-233, 2002.
  100. Lai, Y.-L., P. Murugan, and K.C. Hwang. Fullerene derivative attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Life Sci. 72: 1271-1278, 2003.
  101. Chen, M-J, and Y.-L. Lai. Tachykinin dysfunction attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 187: 178-185, 2003.
  102. Lai, Y.-L., and F.-C. Tang-Tei. Airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized, antigen-challenged guinea pigs. Chinese J. Physiol. 46: 9-13, 2003.
  103. Yu, C.-C., and Y.-L. Lai. Chronic hypoxia attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Life Sci. 2171-2184, 2003.
  104. Huang, H.-Y., and Y.-L. Lai. Lipopolysaccharide induces preprotachykinin gene expression. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 29: 606-612, 2003.
  105. Lai, Y.-L., S.C. Yu, and M.-J. Chen. RNA interference prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preprotachykinin gene expression. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 193: 47-54, 2003.
  106. Liu, Y.H., M.C. Kao, Y.-L. Lai, and J.J. Tsai. Efficacy of local nasal immunotherapy of Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: Using Dp2 peptide and fungal immunomodulatory peptide. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112: 301-310, 2003.
  107. Liu, Y.-H., C.-F. Tsai, M.-C. Kao, Y.-L. Lai, and J.-J. Tsai. Effectiveness of Dp2 nasal therapy for Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: using oral Ganoderma lucidum as an immunomodulator. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 36: 236-242, 2003.
  108. Tsao, P.N., Y.N. Su, H. Li, P.H. Huang, C.T. Chien, Y.-L. Lai, C.N. Lee, C.A. Chen, W.F. Cheng, S.C. Wei, C.J. Yu, F.J. Hsieh, and S.M. Hsu. Overexpression of placenta growth factor contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 505-511, 2003.
  109. Lai, Y.-L., and T.C. Law. Chronic hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced elevation in HIF-1α level and pulmonary hypertension. J. Biomed. Sci. 11: 315-321, 2004.
  110. Chen,Y.-W., K.C. Hwang, C.-C. Yen, and Y.-L. Lai. Fullerene derivatives protects against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs. Am. J. Physiol. 287: R21-R26, 2004.
  111. 111. Wu, L.-L., F.-J. Lu, and Y.-L. Lai. Mast cells and reactive oxygen species in citric acid-induced airway constriction. J. Appl. Physiol. 96: 1879-1885, 2004.
  112. Lai, Y.-L., K.-C. Lee, and P.-H. Kuo. Detection of mediator-induced airway   constriction by barometric plethysmography in mice. Chinese J. Physiol. 47: 161-167, 2004.
  113. Hussain, A.A., A. Dakkuri, Y.-L. Lai, A. Traboulsi, and M.A. Hussain. Nasal administration of albuterol: an alternative route of delivery. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 56: 1211-1215, 2004.
  114. Lai, Y.-L., and T.-Y. Lin. Mast cells in citric acid-induced cough of guinea pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 202: 18-24, 2005.
  115. Lin, C.-H., and Y.-L. Lai. Mast cell mediators in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 206: 343-350, 2005.
  116. Lai-Fook, S.J., and Y.-L. Lai. Airway resistance due to aveolar gas compression measured by barometric plethysmography in mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 98: 2204-2218, 2005.

Yih-loong Lai
Ph.D., Univ. of Kansas
Professor
extension: 88241
yllai@ntu.edu.tw

During my graduate school years at University of Kansas, I worked mainly on acid-base balance, especially on the estimation of intracellular pH. Subsequently, I went to Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation as a post-doctor, my major research work was involved with respiratory function. Since then, my research activity was mainly focused on respiratory physiology. However, during early period of 1990s, I was involved with a group of investigators at University of Kentucky (also at NTU) working on the problem related to pulmonary hypertension. Accordingly, I continued these two fields (respiratory function and pulmonary hypertension) of research work until my retirement at NTU Medical Center, July of 2003. After my retirement, in addition to the adjount appointment at NTU Medical Center, I have served as a consultant at MDS Pharma Services in Peitou, Taipei. My main responsibility at MDS is to check or to edit reports prior to their delivery to clients. In addition, I help to develop projects related to respiratory field required by customers.

  1. Before my retirement (August of 2003), the respiration physiology laboratory had focused work related to function of the lungs. The main research includes following two topics:
    Lung and airway function. For more than a decade, we have used physiological and pharmacological methods to investigate the relationship between airway/lung function and noncholinergic nervous system. Previously, it is known that there are two (sympathetic and parasympathetic) systems which innervate the lungs. About 10-20 years ago, researchers found another (noncholinergic) system which belongs to neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic system. This new nervous system is easily activated by capsaicin and releases tachykinins (mainly substance P and neurokinin A). In the lungs, tachykinins cause increases in secretion, vascular extravasation (edema), and airway constriction. In my laboratory, we are focused on effects of tachykinins on airway constriction. In this aspect, this type of research may be associated with asthma since breathing difficulty in asthmatic patients is usually caused by airway constriction. We have employed antioxidants and tetrodotoxin to prevent or attenuate airway constriction caused by the activation of noncholinergic system. Thus, oxygen radicals and axon reflex play an important role in noncholinergic airway constriction.
  2. Pulmonary hypertension. We employed two methods to induce pulmonary hypertension in experimental animals: monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia. Monocrotaline is purified from the extract of a plant (Crotalaria spetabilis) and induces pulmonary hypertension about three weeks following subcutaneous injection. Two weeks of hypoxic exposure causes also pulmonary hypertension. This is because both monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia induce augmented proliferation of smooth muscle and connective tissues on the pulmonary vascular wall. Thickening of the vascular wall causes a decrease in luminal dimension and an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (pulmonary hypertension). When tachykinins was depleted by capsaicin pretreatment, pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline or chronic hypoxia was significantly attenuated. Thus, we suggest that tachykinins play an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension.

Yih-Loong Lai, Ph.D.

PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM RESEARCH:

  1. Garcia, A.C., Y.-L. Lai, B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. In vivo buffer curves of arterial and mixed venous blood. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 137:237-242, 1971.
  2. Garcia, A.C., Y.-L. Lai, B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Lactate and pyruvate accumulation during hypocapnia. Respir. Physiol. 12:371-380, 1971.
  3. Lai, Y.-L., E.D. Martin, B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Mechanisms of extracellular pH adjustments in hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 19:107-114, 1973.
  4. Lai, Y.-L., B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Intracellular adjustments of skeletal muscle, heart and brain to prolonged hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 19:115-122, 1973.
  5. Lai, Y.-L., B.A. Attebery, and E.B. Brown, Jr. Mechanisms of cardiac muscle adjustment to hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 19:123-129, 1973.
  6. Gillespie, D.J., Y.-L. Lai, and R.E. Hyatt. Comparison of esophageal and pleural pressures in the anesthetized dog. J. Appl. Physiol. 35:709-713, 1973.
  7. Lai, Y.-L., J.R. Rodarte, and R.E. Hyatt. Esophageal elastance in awake and anesthetized recumbent dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 41:272-275, 1976.
  8. Lai, Y.-L., J.R. Rodarte, and R.E. Hyatt. Effects of body position on lung emptying in recumbent anesthetized dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 43:983-987, 1977.
  9. Lai, Y.-L., and J. Hildebrandt. Respiratory mechanics in the anesthetized rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 43:983-987, 1977.
  10. Lai, Y.-L., Y. Tsuya, and J. Hildebrandt. Ventilatory responses to acute CO2 exposure in the rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 45:611-618, 1978.
  11. Lai, Y.-L., J.R. Rodarte, and R.E. Hyatt. Respiratory mechanics in recumbent dogs anesthetized with thiopental sodium. J. Appl. Physiol. 46:716-720, 1979.
  12. Lai, Y.-L. Lung volume and pleural pressure in the anesthetized hamster. J. Appl. Physiol. 46:927-931, 1979.
  13. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Ventilation during prolonged hypercapnia in the rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 51:78-83, 1981.
  14. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Mechanical properties of rat lung during prolonged hypercapnia. J. Appl. Physiol. 52:1156-1160, 1982.
  15. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Suppression of endogenous hormones alters fetal lung mechanics and gas trapping. Lung 160:315-324, 1982.
  16. Lamm, W.J.E., J.R. Hildebrandt, J. Hildebrandt, and Y.-L. Lai. End-expiratory volume in the rat: effects of consciousness and body position. J. Appl. Physiol. 53:1071-1079, 1982.
  17. Lamm, W.J.E., Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. In vitro buffer value of brain tissue during prolonged hypercapnia. Respir. Physiol. 50:165-175, 1982.
  18. Lai, Y.-L., P.M. Smith, W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Sampling and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for chronic studies in awake rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 54:1754-1757, 1983.
  19. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, D.L. Luchtel, and J. Hildebrandt. Massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 56:1032-1038, 1984.
  20. Lamm, W.J.E., Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. Histamine and leukotrienes mediate hypersensitivity to antigen in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 56:1032-1038, 1984.
  21. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Factors affecting massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 57:692-697, 1984.
  22. Hopping, F.G., Jr., J.C. Stothert, I.A. Greaves, Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. Lung recoil: elastic and rheological properties. In: Handbook of Physiology, Section 3. Respiratory System, vol. III. Mechanics of Breathing. Ed. P.T. Macklem and J. Mead. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological society, 1986. p. 659-692.
  23. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Comparison of five methods of analyzing respiratory pressure-volume curves. Respir. Physiol. 66:147-155, 1986.
  24. Diamond, L., and Y.-L. Lai. Augmentation of elastase-induced emphysema by cigarette smoke: effects of reducing tar and nicotine content. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 20:287-301, 1987.
  25. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Effects of high or low tar cigarette smoke exposure on elastase induced emphysema. In: Pulmonary Emphysema and Proteolysis. ed. J.C. Taylor and C. Mittmann. New York: Academic Press, 1987. P. 523-533.
  26. Lai, Y.-L., and A.F. Cornett. Substance P-inducing massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 62:746-751, 1987.
  27. Lai, Y.-L. Calcium dependency of massive postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. Respir. Physiol. 68:41-51, 1987.
  28. Lai, Y.-L. Fluid trapping in postmortem guinea pig lungs. Lung 165:213-223, 1987.
  29. Ko, W.C., and Y.-L. Lai. Cyclic GMP affecting the tracheal nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system. Respir. Physiol. 73:351-362, 1988.
  30. Ko, W.C., and Y.-L. Lai. The tracheal nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system during antigen challenge. Respir. Physiol. 74:129-138, 1988.
  31. Lai, Y.-L. Maximal expiratory flow in the guinea pig. Lung 166:303-313, 1988.
  32. Lai, Y.-L., S. Ganesan, and S.J. Lai-Fook. Airway resistance measured in liquid-trapped guinea pig lungs by micropuncture. J. Appl. Physiol. 65:2446-2452, 1988.
  33. Diamond, L., E.C. Kimmel, Y.-L. Lai, and D.W. Winsett. Augmentation of elastase-induced emphysema by cigarette smoke: effects of reduced nicotine content. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 138:1201-1206, 1988.
  34. Gairola, C.G., N.I. Galicki, C. Cardozo, Y.-L. Lai, and M. Lesser. Cigarette smoke stimulates cathepsin B activity. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 114:419-425, 1989.
  35. Lai, Y.-L. Oxygen radicals in capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. J. Appl. Physiol. 68:568-573, 1990.
  36. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema by eglin-c. Exp. Lung Res. 16:547-557, 1990.
  37. Shi, M.X.J., and Y.-L. Lai. The role of tachykinins in air ventilation-induced bronchoconstriction. Respir. Physiol. 81:75-86, 1990.
  38. Lai, Y.-L., J.W. Olson, and M.N. Gillespie. Ventilatory dysfunction precedes pulmonary hypertension in monocrotaline-treated rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:561-566, 1991.
  39. Lai, Y.-L. Role of the axon reflex in capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. Respir. Physiol. 83:35-46, 1991.
  40. Lai, Y.-L. Endogenous tachykinins in antigen-induced acute bronchial responses of guinea pigs. Exp. Lung Res. 17:1047-1060, 1991.
  41. Shih, W.-J., Y.-L. Lai, C. Coulston, F. Grunwald, J.J. Coupal, L.-Y. Lee, U.Y. Ryo, and H.J. Biersack. Diffuse pulmonary 99mTc HM-PAO uptake associated with cirarette smoke exposure: a rat study. NucCompact 22:99-100, 1991.
  42. Lai, Y.-L., P.G. Reiinhart, A.A. Thacker, and K.-R. Zhou. Role of leukocyte depletion in noncholinergic bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. Respir. Physiol. 86:139-146, 1991.
  43. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Nicardipine suppresses mediator-induced constriction of airway smooth muscle in guinea pigs. Lung 169:343-355, 1991.
  44. Lai, Y.-L., and L. Diamond. Cigarette smoke exposure dose not prevent cadium-induced lung fibrosis in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 35:63-76, 1992.
  45. Zhou, K.-R., and Y.-L. Lai. α-Difluoromethylornithine attenuates monocrotaline-induced airway/lung dysfunction. J. Appl. Physiol. 72:1914-1921, 1992.
  46. Lai, Y.-L. Comparative ventilation of the normal lung. In: A Comprehensive Treatise On Pulmonary Toxicology, Vol. I, Sec. II. Comparative Respiratory Physiology of the Normal Lung. Ed. R.A. Parent. CRC Press, boca Raton, FL, Chapter 17, 1992. P. 217-239.
  47. Fang, Z.X., and Y.-L. Lai. Oxygen radicls in bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:627-633, 1993.
  48. Shih, W.-J., Y.-L. Lai, J.J. Coupal, and G. Simmons. I-123 HIPDM pulmonary imaging demonstrates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema. Lung 171:31-41, 1993.
  49. Shih, W.-J., S.R. Rehm, F. Grunwald, J.J. Coupal, H.J. Biersack, R. Berger, S. Bradenburg, Y.-L. Lai, U.Y. Ryo, and M.L. Dillon. Lung uptake of Tc-99m HM-PAO in cigarette smokers expressed by lung/liver activity ratio. Clin. Nucl. Med. 18:227-230, 1993.
  50. Lai, Y,-L., R.C. Mehta, A.A. Thacker, S.-D. Yoo, P.J. McNamara, and P.P. DeLuca. Saustained bronchodilation with isoproterenol poly(glycolide-co-lactide) microspheres. Pharmaceut. Res. 10:119-125, 1993.
  51. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Axon relflex in resiniferaroxin-induced bronchoconstriction of ginea pigs. Respir. Physiol. 92:13-25, 1993.
  52. Zhou, K.-R., and Y.-L. Lai. Capsaicin pretreatment attenuates monocrotaline-induced ventilatory dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. J. Appl. Physiol. 75:2781-2788, 1993.
  53. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Role of vagus nerves in noncholinergic airway constriction. Respir. Physiol. 94:285-295, 1993.
  54. Lai, Y.-L., Z.X. Fang, and H-Q. Zhang. Noncholinergic airway constriction. Role of axon reflex and oxygen radicals. Chinese J. Physiol. 36:133-140, 1993.
  55. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Intratracheal antioxidants attenuate exsanguinations-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:553-559, 1994.
  56. Zhou, K.-R., and Y.-L. Lai. Oxygen radicals in exsanguinations-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. Lung 172:281-291, 1994.
  57. Lai, Y.-L., A.A. Thacker, and C.G. Gairola. Sidestream cigarette smoke exposure and bronchial hyperreactivity during early life. J. Appl. Physiol. 77:1868-11874, 1994.
  58. Kang, B.C., T. Kambara, D.K. Yun, J. Hoppe, and Y.-L. Lai. Development of cockroach allergic guinea pig by simple room air contamination. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 107: 569-575, 1995.
  59. Shih, W.-J., J. Coupal, Y.-L. Lai, F. Grunwald, and H. Biersack. Diminished Tc-99m HMPAO uptake in exsmokers' lungs. Clin. Nuclear Med. 20:788-791, 1995.
  60. Zhang, H.-Q., H.-H. Tai, and Y.-L. Lai. Age-dependent mechanism in guinea pig bronchoconstriction induced by exsanguination. Respir.Physiol. 99: 361-369, 1995.
  61. Lai, Y.-L., C.-F. Chen, C.T. Chien, H.-L. Shiao, A.A. Thacker, and H.-Q. Zhang. Capsaicin pretreatment attenuates chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Respir.Physiol. 99: 283-289, 1995.
  62. Kang, B.C., K. Zhou, Y.-L. Lai, and C.B. Hong. Experimental asthma developed by room air contamination with cockroach allergen. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 111: 299-306, 1996.
  63. Kuo, P.-H., H.-D. Wu, C.-J. Yu, S.-C. Yang, Y.-L. Lai, and P.-C. Yang. Efficacy of tracheal gas insufflation in acute respiratory distress syndrome with permissive hypercapnia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154: 612-616, 1996.
  64. Zhang, H.-Q., and Y.-L. Lai. Oxygen radicals in nonvagal component of noncholinergic airway constriction. Respir. Physiol. 104: 213-220, 1996.
  65. Reinhart, P.G., Y.-L. Lai, and C.G. Gairola. Amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Fisher 344 rats. Toxicology 110: 95-101, 1996.
  66. Hsu C.-H., K.-Y. Chua, M.-H. Tao, Y.-L. Lai, H.-D. Wu, S.-K. Huang, and K.-H. Hsieh. Immunoprophylaxis of allergen-induced immunoglobulin E synthesis and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo by genetic immunization. Nature Med. 2: 540-544, 1996.
  67. Chien, C.T., T.C. Fu, Y.-L. Lai, Y.C. Chang, and C.F. Chen. Renal neural response to ischemic renal failure in chronic hypoxic rats. J. Autonom. Nerv. Syst. 58: 11- 17, 1996.
  68. Lai, Y.-L., A.A. Thacker, and J.N. Diana. Hypoxemia and elevated tachykinins in rat monocrotaline pneumotoxicity. Lung 174: 195-203, 1996.
  69. Lai, Y.-L., and L.Y. Chiang. Water-soluble fullerene derivatives attenuate exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. J. Autonom. Pharmacol. 17: 229-235, 1997.
  70. Lai, Y.-L., J. Wang, and S.J. Lai-Fook. Lung tissue resistance measured by saline-filled guinea pig lungs by micropuncture. Lung 175: 395-403, 1997.
  71. Lai, Y.-L., W.-Y. Chiou, and L.Y. Chiang. Fullerene derivatives attenuate  bronchoconstriction induced by xanthine-xanthine oxidase. Fullerene Sci. Technol. 5: 1057-1065, 1997.
  72. Lai, Y.-L., W.J.E. Lamm, and J. Hildebrandt. Comparison of five measures derived from in vivo pulmonary vascular pressure-flow curves. Chinese J. Physiol. 40: 45-49, 1997.
  73. Hartsfield, C.L., D. Lipke, Y.-L. Lai, D.A. Cohen, and M.N. Gillespie. Pulmonary mechanical and immunologic dysfunction in a murine model of AIDS. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 16): L699-L706, 1997.
  74. Lai, Y.-L., and K.-R. Zhou. Eglin-c prevents monocrotaline-induced ventilatory dysfunction. J. Appl. Physiol. 82: 324-328, 1997.
  75. Hsu, T.H., Y.-L. Lai, and Y.R. Kou. Acetylcholine and tachyknin receptor antagonists attenuate wood smoke-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 360: 175-183,1998.
  76. Hsu, T.H., Y.-L. Lai, and Y.R. Kou. Smoke-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled wood smoke in guinea pigs:tachykininergic and cholinergic mechanisms. Life Sci. 63: 1513-124,1998.
  77. Lamm, W.I.E., Y.-L. Lai, and J. Hildebrandt. The role of the inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic system in antigen-induced pulmonary hypersensitivity. Chinese J. Physiol. 41: 139-144, 1998.
  78. Lai, Y.-L., and Y.-J. Lin. Elastase in hyperpnea-induced guinea pig airway constriction. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 359: 171-176, 1998.
  79. Lai, Y.-L.. H.-D. Wu, and C.-F. Chen. Atioxidants attenuate chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 32: 714-720,1998.
  80. Lin. C.W., and Y.-L. Lai. Tachykinins in propranolol-augmented, hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in Taida guinea pigs: effects of dimethylthiourea. J. Autonom. Pharmacol. 18: 139-147, 1998.
  81. Lai, Y.-L., C.W. Lin, and L.-C. Lai. Attenuation of isocapnic hyperpnea-elicited guinea pig bronchoconstriction by chronic hypoxia. Eur. Respir. J. 11: 1075-1080, 1998.
  82. Lin, K.-H., Y.-L. Lai, H.-D. Wu, T.-Q. Wang, and Y.-H. Wang. Effects of abdominal binder and electrical stimulation on cough in spinal cord injured patients. J. Formosan Med. Assoc. 97: 292-295, 1998.
  83. Chen, L.-W., C.-F. Chen. and Y.-L. Lai. Chronic activation of neurokinin-1 receptor induces pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276:H1543-H1551, 1999.
  84. Lai, Y.-L., W.-Y. Chiou, F.J. Lu, and L.Y. Chiang. Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Br. J. Pharmacol. 126: 778-784, 1999.
  85. Lai, Y.-L., and S.-P. Lee. Mediators in hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 360:597-602, 1999.
  86. Lin, K.-H., Y.-L. Lai, H.-D. Wu, T.-Q. Wang, and Y.-H. Wang. Cough threshold in people with spinal cord injuries. Physical Therapy 79:1026-1031, 1999.
  87. Lai, Y.-L., and H.-C. Chou. Respiratory mechanics and maximal expiratory flow in the anesthetized mouse. J. Appl. Physiol. 88:939-943, 2000.
  88. Hsu, T.H., Y.-L. Lai, and Y.R. Kou. Wood smoke-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs: time course, and role of leukotrienes and hydroxyl radical. Life Sci. 66:971-980, 2000.
  89. Lai, Y.-L., and C.F. Lee. Mediators and oxygen radicals in hyperpnea-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Lung 178: 213-223, 2000.
  90. Katzman, N.J., and Y.-L. Lai. Capsaicin pre- and post-treatment on rat monocrotaline pneumotoxicity. Chinese J. Physiol. 43: 171-178, 2000.
  91. Chen, M.-J., L.Y. Chiang, and Y.-L. Lai. Reactive oxygen species and substance P in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 171: 165-173, 2001.
  92. Yu, C.-C., and Y.-L. Lai. The in vivo pressure-flow curve in unilateral rat lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Appl. Physiol. 90: 1865-1870, 2001.
  93. Lai, Y.L. Tachykinins in airway constriction. Thorac. Med. 16: 148-155, 2001.
  94. Lai, Y.-L., S.-C. Lee, L.-C. Lai, F.-C. Hu, T.-L. Tsai, and Y.-F. Tsai. Catecholamines in hyperpnoea-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. J. Auton. Pharmacol. 21: 151-157, 2001.
  95. Lee, Y.-L., Y.-L. Ye, C.-I. Yu, Y.-L. Wu, Y.-L. Lai, P.-H. Ku, R.-L. Hong, and B.-L. Chiang. Construction of single-chain interleukin-12 DNA plasmid to treat airway hyperresponsiveness in an animal model of asthma. Hum. Gene Ther. 12: 2065-2079, 2001.
  96. Lai, Y.-L., W.-Y. Chiou, and F.-J. Lu. Hyperpnea-induced production of TBHP-initiated chemiluminescence in guinea pigs. Life Sci. 70: 1271-1277, 2002.
  97. Lee, S.-C., and Y.-L. Lai. Endothelin-1 in citric acid aerosol inhalation-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Chinese J. Physiol. 45: 25-31, 2002.
  98. Lai, Y.-L., S.J. Chu, M.-C. Ma, and C.-F. Chen. Temporal increase in the reactivity of pulmonary vasculature to substance P in chronically hypoxic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 282: R858-R864, 2002.
  99. Lai, Y.-L., and P.-c. Huang. Reactive oxygen species in sustained airway constriction induced by citric acid aerosol inhalation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 452: 229-233, 2002.
  100. Lai, Y.-L., P. Murugan, and K.C. Hwang. Fullerene derivative attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Life Sci. 72: 1271-1278, 2003.
  101. Chen, M-J, and Y.-L. Lai. Tachykinin dysfunction attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 187: 178-185, 2003.
  102. Lai, Y.-L., and F.-C. Tang-Tei. Airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized, antigen-challenged guinea pigs. Chinese J. Physiol. 46: 9-13, 2003.
  103. Yu, C.-C., and Y.-L. Lai. Chronic hypoxia attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Life Sci. 2171-2184, 2003.
  104. Huang, H.-Y., and Y.-L. Lai. Lipopolysaccharide induces preprotachykinin gene expression. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 29: 606-612, 2003.
  105. Lai, Y.-L., S.C. Yu, and M.-J. Chen. RNA interference prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preprotachykinin gene expression. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 193: 47-54, 2003.
  106. Liu, Y.H., M.C. Kao, Y.-L. Lai, and J.J. Tsai. Efficacy of local nasal immunotherapy of Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: Using Dp2 peptide and fungal immunomodulatory peptide. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112: 301-310, 2003.
  107. Liu, Y.-H., C.-F. Tsai, M.-C. Kao, Y.-L. Lai, and J.-J. Tsai. Effectiveness of Dp2 nasal therapy for Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: using oral Ganoderma lucidum as an immunomodulator. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 36: 236-242, 2003.
  108. Tsao, P.N., Y.N. Su, H. Li, P.H. Huang, C.T. Chien, Y.-L. Lai, C.N. Lee, C.A. Chen, W.F. Cheng, S.C. Wei, C.J. Yu, F.J. Hsieh, and S.M. Hsu. Overexpression of placenta growth factor contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 505-511, 2003.
  109. Lai, Y.-L., and T.C. Law. Chronic hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced elevation in HIF-1α level and pulmonary hypertension. J. Biomed. Sci. 11: 315-321, 2004.
  110. Chen,Y.-W., K.C. Hwang, C.-C. Yen, and Y.-L. Lai. Fullerene derivatives protects against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs. Am. J. Physiol. 287: R21-R26, 2004.
  111. Wu, L.-L., F.-J. Lu, and Y.-L. Lai. Mast cells and reactive oxygen species in citric acid-induced airway constriction. J. Appl. Physiol. 96: 1879-1885, 2004.
  112. Lai, Y.-L., K.-C. Lee, and P.-H. Kuo. Detection of mediator-induced airway   constriction by barometric plethysmography in mice. Chinese J. Physiol. 47: 161-167, 2004.
  113. Hussain, A.A., A. Dakkuri, Y.-L. Lai, A. Traboulsi, and M.A. Hussain. Nasal administration of albuterol: an alternative route of delivery. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 56: 1211-1215, 2004.
  114. Lai, Y.-L., and T.-Y. Lin. Mast cells in citric acid-induced cough of guinea pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 202: 18-24, 2005.
  115. Lin, C.-H., and Y.-L. Lai. Mast cell mediators in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 206: 343-350, 2005.
  116. Lai-Fook, S.J., and Y.-L. Lai. Airway resistance due to aveolar gas compression measured by barometric plethysmography in mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 98: 2204-2218, 2005.